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Target Audience

The educational design of this activity addresses the needs of pharmacists involved in the ongoing management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Statement of Need/Program Overview

Diabetes disorders afflict an estimated 28.9 million adult Americans, while another 86 million adults have prediabetes.¹ Alarmingly, the prevalence of T2DM is projected to increase in the United States as obesity rates rise and higher-risk age and ethnic groups continue to expand.¹ Given the numerous medical, psychosocial, and educational needs of people with T2DM, clinicians can struggle to help patients achieve recommended goals for glycemic control and other clinical parameters.² The lack of a universally applicable treatment algorithm complicates the intensification of therapy; while management usually commences with metformin, the vast majority of patients with T2DM will eventually need more than 1 antihyperglycemic drug, and most eventually are treated with insulin.³ The number of available insulin formulations has increased in the last few years, including trials with newer basal insulin with lower risks for hypoglycemia.^4,5 Increasingly, pharmacists are being called to help manage the rising flood of patients with T2DM.⁶ Studies have demonstrated the positive effects of pharmacist-directed medical management on glycemic control and treatment adherence.⁷ This Interactive Exchange™ program has been designed to convey the latest clinical study data on insulin therapy to pharmacy clinicians, along with efficient and actionable guidance on insulin-based management of T2DM.

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States, 2014. 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/statsreport14/national-diabetes-report-web.pdf.
2. Stark Casagrande S, Fradkin JE, Saydah SH, Rust KF, Cowie CC. The prevalence of meeting A1C, blood pressure, and LDL goals among people with diabetes, 1988-2010. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(8):2271-2279.
3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2016. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(suppl 1):S1-S104.
4. Rodbard HW, Cariou B, Zinman B, et al. Health status and hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine: a 2-year trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(9):869-872.
5. Riddle MC, Yki-Jarvinen H, Bolli GB, et al. One year sustained glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/mL compared with 100 U/mL in people with type 2 diabetes using basal plus meal-time insulin: the EDITION 1 12-month randomized trial, including 6-month extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(9):835-842.
6. Watson LL, Bluml BM. Integrating pharmacists into diverse diabetes care teams: implementation tactics from Project IMPACT: Diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(5):538-541.
7. Skinner JS, Poe B, Hopper R, Boyer A, Wilkins CH. Assessing the effectiveness of pharmacist-directed medication therapy management in improving diabetes outcomes in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(4):459-465.

Educational Objectives

After completing this activity, the participant should be better able to:

1. Discuss the evolution of insulin replacement therapy, including relationships with underlying T2DM disease mechanisms and the latest medication options
2. Compare the clinical profiles of formulations of basal insulins in the treatment of T2DM
3. Identify opportunities to modify insulin-based treatment regimens for T2DM based on guideline recommendations for patient-centered care, comprehensive treatment goals, and potential safety risks
4. Communicate with patients with T2DM to reduce treatment-related risks (eg, hypoglycemia) and improve adherence to the therapeutic plan

Faculty

Scott R. Drab, PharmD, CDE, BC-ADM
Associate Professor of Pharmacy and Therapeutics
University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy
Director, University Diabetes Care Associates
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM
Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical Services
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science
University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
Baltimore, Maryland

Joshua J. Neumiller, PharmD, CDE, FASCP
Vice Chair and Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacotherapy
Director of Experiential Services
Editor-in-Chief, Diabetes Spectrum
Washington State University College of Pharmacy
Spokane, Washington

Pharmacist Accreditation Statement

Global Education Group is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.

Credit Designation

Global Education Group designates this continuing education activity for 1.0 contact hour(s) (0.10 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. (Universal Activity Number 0530-9999-16-071-H01-P)

This is a knowledge-based activity.

Global Contact Information

For information about the accreditation of this program, please contact Global at 303-395-1782 or inquire@globaleducationgroup.com.

Instructions to Receive Credit

In order to receive credit for this activity, the attendee must achieve a score of 70% or higher on the posttest and complete the program evaluation.

System Requirements

Fee Information & Refund/Cancellation Policy

There is no fee for this educational activity.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest

Global Education Group (Global) requires instructors, planners, managers, and other individuals and their spouses/life partners who are in a position to control the content of this activity to disclose any real or apparent conflict of interest they may have as related to the content of this activity. All identified conflicts of interest are thoroughly vetted by Global for fair balance, scientific objectivity of studies mentioned in the materials or used as the basis for content, and appropriateness of patient care recommendations.

The faculty reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouses/life partners have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

The planners and managers reported the following financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouses/life partners have with commercial interests related to the content of this CME activity:

Disclosure of Unlabeled Use

This educational activity may contain discussion of published and/or investigational uses of agents that are not indicated by the FDA. Global Education Group (Global) and Integritas do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications.

The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of any organization associated with this activity. Please refer to the official prescribing information for each product for discussion of approved indications, contraindications, and warnings.

Disclaimer

Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management. Any procedures, medications, or other courses of diagnosis or treatment discussed in this activity should not be used by clinicians without evaluation of patient conditions and possible contraindications on dangers in use, review of any applicable manufacturer's product information, and comparison with recommendations of other authorities.