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1. To which drug class does dapagliflozin belong?

A. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors B. Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors C. Sulfonylureas D. Bile acid sequestrants

2. Which of the following is a first-line agent in both the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2016 and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' (AACE) 2015 guidelines?

A. Metformin B. Glipizide C. Sitagliptin D. Pioglitazone

3. What is the mechanism of action of nateglinide?

A. Sensitizes muscle and fat cells to the action of insulin, thus increasing glucose uptake B. Acts directly on the β cells of the pancreas to release insulin C. Prevents the reabsorption of glucose from the urine, thus promoting urinary glucose excretion D. Inhibits the metabolism of endogenous incretins

4. Which of the following medications is likely to have the largest effect on a patient's glycated hemoglobin (A1C)?

A. Canagliflozin B. Acarbose C. Saxagliptin D. Glimepiride

5. Which of the following would be an appropriate counseling point for metformin?

A. Take this medication on an empty stomach. B. If you experience lactic acidosis, consider reducing your consumption of acidic foods and beverages. C. This medication may cause diarrhea; this is less common with extended-release tablets. D. Avoid eating grapefruits or drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.

6. Which of the following medications is contraindicated for coadministration with gemfibrozil?

A. Glyburide B. Linagliptin C. Repaglinide D. Miglitol

7. B.C. is an 86-year-old man with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This individual's A1C is 9%, and his complications from diabetes include retinopathy, neuropathy, and diabetic kidney disease. The patient is still ambulatory, but not very active. What would be a reasonable A1C goal for this person, according to ADA guidelines?

A. Less than 6% B. Less than 6.5% C. Less than 7% D. Less than 8%

8. Which of the following would be an appropriate counseling point for glyburide?

A. Take this medication with a meal. B. Do not eat grapefruits or drink grapefruit juice while taking this medication. C. This medication may cause flatulence, which can be relieved by taking the medication on an empty stomach. D. This medication may cause weight loss.

9. A patient taking glyburide has experienced several episodes of hypoglycemia. This person asks about other oral agents that have a lower risk of hypoglycemia. The patient's eGFR is 45 mL/min/1.73 m². Which of the following agents should you recommend?

A. Glipizide B. Linagliptin C. Nateglinide D. Dapagliflozin

10. A patient asks why he needs to take every dose of repaglinide with a meal. How do you respond?

A. Food helps your body absorb the repaglinide, making the medication more effective. B. This medication causes your body to release insulin; taking the medication with a meal ensures that there is enough glucose in your blood to prevent low blood sugar. C. This medication can be very irritating to the stomach; taking the medication with a meal helps reduce this stomach discomfort. D. This medication does not need to be taken with a meal; a full glass of water should suffice.