1. Response rates to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma are approximately __________.

2. Patients with early stage head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma are usually treated with which of the following?

3. What is the primary mechanism of action of nivolumab and pembrolizumab?

4. Nivolumab is currently approved for the treatment of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. According to the current labeling, what is the indication for use?

5. Which of the following immunotherapies was designated as a “breakthrough therapy” in early 2016?

6. Which of the following immune-related adverse events are related to the use of anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma?

7. What are the most common adverse events associated with cetuximab?

8. SR is a 65-year-old man diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (stage IVA) of the oral cavity. SR was initially treated with platinum-containing chemoradiotherapy but was found to have disease progression with new liver lesions within 6 months of starting therapy. SR has still maintained a good performance status. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in treatment for SR?

9. KD is a 75-year-old woman who has recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, has failed platinum-containing chemotherapy, and is started on pembrolizumab therapy. At a subsequent appointment, she complains of fever, chills, coughing, and shortness of breath. Her oncologist orders radiographic imaging and confirms grade 2 pneumonitis. What is the MOST appropriate next step in treatment for KD?

10. How does the clinical response pattern for immunotherapy vary from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy?

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