A. switch all patients from ACE inhibitors to angiotensin receptor blockers B. begin patients on high-dose therapy C. titrate patients to target doses if appropriate D. for all patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction, digoxin should be considered as first- line therapy.

A. medication nonadherence B. dietary indiscretion C. distal tubular hypertrophy D. all the above

A. increase dose of loop diuretic B. add a thiazide diuretic to the loop diuretic C. increase frequency of loop diuretic D. discontinue loop diuretic and start thiazide diuretic

A. Increase beta-blocker dose to 50 mg bid to achieve target dose B. Increase the frequency of diuretic administration to bid dosing C. Discontinue enalapril and initiate sacubitril/valsartan therapy D. Increase the furosemide dose to 80 mg

A. cough B. increase in serum creatinine C. increase in potassium D. all the above

A. increase in the incidence of cough B. increase in mortality C. increase in potassium D. increase in angioedema

A. continue as is until potassium is > 6.0 mEq/L B. reduce dose of either RAAS and/or aldosterone inhibitor C. consider patiromer D. b and/or c above

A. NSAIDs B. pseudoephedrine C. thiazolidinediones D. all the above

A. Barriers to adherence are often multifactorial and highly individual. B. Family and caregivers can be involved but can't be counted on to ensure adherence. C. Pill reminder systems such as smartphone “apps” are not useful in older patients. D. Patients will usually be truthful in discussing missed doses of medications.

A. Checking and recording weight on a daily basis B. Taking medications as directed C. Self-monitoring for symptoms of worsening heart failure and reporting these symptoms to their health care provider D. Discontinuing a medication or taking a lower dose if the adverse effects seem to worsen HF symptoms such as edema or fatigue