A. Using multiple medications from the same class to obtain optimal postoperative analgesia B. A balanced approach to treat postoperative pain by combining adjuvants, analgesics, opioids, and regional techniques C. Using multiple medications from different classes but with the same route of administration D. Using multiple opioid medications to achieve balanced analgesia

A. The preference to decrease postoperative hospital stays and decrease health care costs B. The desire to increase a hospital's safety scores C. The need to decrease the use of opioid medications postoperatively D. The requirement to administer medications by mouth

A. Increased use of opioid medications postoperatively B. No effect on length of hospital stay C. Decreased postoperative sleep apnea D. Decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting

A. Oral carbamazepine, peripheral nerve block, epidural morphine B. Oral gabapentin oral, epidural morphine, peripheral nerve block C. Intravenous ketamine, oral methadone, intrathecal hydromorphone D. Low-dose naloxone, intrathecal morphine, oral pregabalin

A. Advocated by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Task Force on Acute Pain Management B. Limited by the numerous drug-drug interactions associated with acetaminophen C. Limited to only the oral route of administration D. Discouraged by the ASA Task Force on Acute Pain Management

A. It is the route of choice for administration of acetaminophen B. Its role not fully defined C. It can only be administered in combination with an opioid D. It should only be used for patients with pre-existing chronic pain

A. A COX-2 selective inhibitor is always the medication of choice for postoperative analgesia B. The incidence of adverse effects is greater with COX-1 inhibitors than with opioids C. The use of opioid medications perioperatively decreases with the use of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors D. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors are associated with a decreased length of hospital stay

A. Decrease the incidence of drug-drug interactions B. Have no impact on postoperative opioid medication use C. Increase hospital quality and safety scores D. Decrease the length of hospital stay

A. It is associated with a decreased length of hospital stay B. It may increase postoperative blood pressure C. It may increase postoperative agitation D. It may potentiate the sensory and motor block of local anesthetics

A. Two or more agents with different mechanisms of action should be administered by a single route B. A single agent, such as a local anesthetic, should be administered alone C. Multiple agents from the same medication classes should each be administered by a different route D. Multiple agents from a single medication class should each be administered by a different route