1. The El Escorial criteria are used in clinical trials to provide a standard definition of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs are utilized in these criteria. Which of the following pairs includes examples of UMN and LMN signs, respectively?

2. For a patient with a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a genetic investigation may be helpful for clinical trial inclusion and other research. Which of the following is NOT true regarding genes and ALS?

3. AG is a 61-year-old female who has been receiving Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) infusions for 6 months for lower extremity weakness diagnosed as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). She has experienced no improvement, so her IVIG infusion therapy is discontinued. She is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the difficulty in diagnosing ALS?

Evaluation Questions

4. How confident are you in your decision about the diagnosis for AG in the question above?

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