A. Direct toxic injury to the endothelial cells of the liver leading to a prothrombotic state B. Secondary hepatic failure as a result of diminished renal perfusion C. Decreased hepatic perfusion due to impaired cardiac output D. Diffuse inflammation of the liver secondary to an infectious process E. Unsure

A. Maintenance of strict fluid balance B. Low-dose dopamine C. Intermittent albumin infusions D. None; no supportive care measures have been shown to improve outcomes in VOD/SOS E. Unsure

A. Maintenance of euvolemia B. Prevention of progression to multi-organ failure C. Prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease D. Mitigation of risk related to infection E. Unsure

A. Veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) B. Fluid overload C. Congestive heart failure D. Chronic graft-versus-host disease E. Unsure

A. Ursodiol B. Low-dose heparin C. Enoxaparin D. Tissue plasminogen activator E. Unsure

A. Cytarabine B. Daunorubicin C. Liposomal daunorubicin/cytarabine D. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin E. Unsure

A. Lack of evidence of infection and bleeding B. No exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease C. Normalization of bilirubin, liver transaminases, and markers of synthetic liver function (e.g., albumin) D. Total bilirubin < 2 mg/dL, resolution of signs of multi-organ failure, and survival at day +100 post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant E. Unsure

A. The efficacy of defibrotide is limited to only patients who have not yet developed multi-organ failure B. Approximately 40% of patients who have developed multi-organ failure can be expected to be alive at day +100 post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) compared to 25% of historical controls C. Patients who have not developed multi-organ failure can be expected to have a day +100 post-HSCT survival of 80% to 90% D. Evidence for efficacy in patients with established VOD/SOS is limited to pediatric patients E. Unsure

A. Cerebrovascular hemorrhage B. Cerebrovascular stroke C. Pneumonitis D. None; life-threatening toxicities have been rarely reported in defibrotide clinical trials E. Unsure

A. Evaluating whether the patient is a suitable candidate for a clinical trial for treatment of VOD/SOS B. Debating the merits of a transjugular liver biopsy for diagnosing VOD/SOS C. Monitoring of serum concentrations of immunosuppressant drugs to mitigate the risk of hepatotoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity D. Determining appropriateness of non-pharmacologic interventions such as intrahepatic shunts E. Unsure