A. Smoking cessation alone does not improve pain B. Better sleep can improve pain control and mood symptoms C. Lifestyle changes often lead to safety concerns or patient harm D. Exercise should be avoided since physical activity can worsen pain E. Unsure

A. Virtual reality B. Laser acupuncture C. Cognitive behavioral therapy D. Assessing muscle and joint function E. Unsure

A. Music therapy helps the patient manage pain-related mood changes B. Mindfulness helps the patient focus on positive and negative reinforcement C. Relaxation techniques help the patient increase activity of the sympathetic nervous system D. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps the patient improve their pain-related thinking and actions E. Unsure

A. Heat can be applied directly over the site of a surgical incision B. Use a barrier between ice and skin to prevent tissue damage C. It is okay to use a heating pad while sleeping at night D. Ice should only be used for 3 to 5 minutes at a time E. Unsure

A. TENS units require a prescription B. Electrodes can be placed anywhere on the body C. Implanted devices are a contraindication to using TENS D. Efficacy of TENS is well-established based on multiple studies E. Unsure

A. Biofeedback, water aerobics, ibuprofen B. Acetaminophen, topical lidocaine, intranasal fentanyl C. Cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, spiritual practices D. Smoking cessation, anti-inflammatory diet, moderate alcohol use E. Unsure

A. A 59-year-old patient with chronic neck pain, currently taking hydromorphone B. A 16-year-old patient with a football injury, currently taking acetaminophen C. A 42-year-old patient with mild osteoarthritis of the hand, no current treatment D. All of the above E. Unsure

A. They may not be covered by insurance plans B. Many are associated with serious safety concerns C. Traditional medicine providers may not support their use D. Patients may self-select strategies that will actually worsen their pain E. Unsure

A. Tai Chi B. Virtual reality C. Myofascial release massage D. Guided relaxation E. Unsure

A. Yoga B. Weight loss C. Acupuncture D. Biofeedback E. Unsure