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1. Which statement best describes the current understanding of the role that the hormone hepcidin plays in anemia of CKD?

A. An investigational hepcidin analog administered concomitantly with an ESA has been shown to stimulate endogenous hepatic erythropoietin production B. Hypoxia upregulates hepcidin expression, favoring iron absorption and mobilization from iron stores C. Hepcidin stimulates the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), contributing to anemia D. Hepcidin is thought to be a key regulator of iron utilization

2. A 58-year-old patient with stage 4 CKD has been undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for 11 months. His serum ferritin concentration is 214 µg/L, and his transferrin saturation is 20%. He has been receiving ESA therapy 11,000 IU/wk. Based on recommendations from the US Food and Drug Administration, this patient's ESA dose should be reduced or interrupted when his Hb level approaches or exceeds _______.

A. 10.5 g/dL B. 11 g/Dl C. 11.5 g/dL D. 12 g/dL

3. Among patients with stage 3-4 CKD, researchers found that anemia treatment is most cost-effective when targeting a Hb level of _____ g/dL.

A. 10.5 g/Dl B. 11 g/dL C. 11.5 g/dL D. 12 g/dL

4. The new medication class of hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors treats anemia by_______

A. Increasing hepcidin production, thereby decreasing iron excretion via the kidney B. Stimulating endogenous erythropoietin production to overcome the effects of disordered sensing of hypoxia on erythropoiesis C. Modifying erythropoietin proteins to increase their half-lives D. Inhibiting IL-6 signaling, thereby mitigating inflammation known to contribute to anemia of CKD

5. What was a key finding regarding the primary endpoint in Phase 3 trials of roxadustat, an oral HIF-PH inhibitor, compared with epoetin alfa in patients receiving dialysis?

A. Roxadustat led to a greater mean change in Hb level from baseline compared with epoetin alfa B. Hypokalemia occurred at a higher rate in the roxadustat group compared with the epoetin alfa group C. No difference was found in hepcidin levels between the roxadustat and epoetin alfa groups D. Rate of infection was significantly greater in the epoetin alfa group than in the roxadustat group

Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Which statement best describes the current understanding of the role that the hormone hepcidin plays in anemia of CKD?

3. Among patients with stage 3-4 CKD, researchers found that anemia treatment is most cost-effective when targeting a Hb level of _____ g/dL.

4. The new medication class of hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors treats anemia by_______

5. What was a key finding regarding the primary endpoint in Phase 3 trials of roxadustat, an oral HIF-PH inhibitor, compared with epoetin alfa in patients receiving dialysis?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Which statement best describes the current understanding of the role that the hormone hepcidin plays in anemia of CKD?

3. Among patients with stage 3-4 CKD, researchers found that anemia treatment is most cost-effective when targeting a Hb level of _____ g/dL.

4. The new medication class of hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors treats anemia by_______

5. What was a key finding regarding the primary endpoint in Phase 3 trials of roxadustat, an oral HIF-PH inhibitor, compared with epoetin alfa in patients receiving dialysis?

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