A. Heterotopic ossification (HO) B. Elongation of molar teeth C. Malformation of the great toes D. Progressive loss of mobility E. Shortened lifespan F. Unsure

A. FOP has distinctive clinical attributes, therefore misdiagnosis is rare B. Formal diagnostic criteria make diagnosis of FOP clear and straightforward C. Misdiagnosis of FOP is uncommon due to widespread understanding of the disease D. Misdiagnosis of FOP is common due in part to the rarity of the disease E. Unsure

A. Gain-of-function effect in ACVR1 such that the protein, activin A, exhibits agonist activity B. Gain-of-function effect in ACVR1 such that the protein, activin A, exhibits antagonist activity C. Loss-of-function effect in ACVR1 such that the protein, activin A, exhibits agonist activity D. Loss-of-function effect in ACVR1 such that the protein, activin A, exhibits antagonist activity E. Unsure

A. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the activity of mutated ACVR1 B. A retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-γ agonist that leads to the inhibition of chondrogenesis C. A fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to activin A to halt the signaling cascade leading to HO D. An inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase that disrupts the mTOR signaling pathway, which is upregulated in FOP E. Unsure

A. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the activity of mutated ACVR1 B. An RAR-γ agonist that leads to inhibition of chondrogenesis C. A fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to activin A to halt the signaling cascade leading to HO D. An inhibitor of mTOR kinase that disrupts the mTOR signaling pathway, which is upregulated in FOP E. Unsure

A. Warm water hydrotherapy B. Art therapy C. Drama therapy D. Music therapy E. Unsure

A. Intramuscular injection must be avoided to prevent HO from muscle trauma at the injection site B. Only subcutaneous or nasal administration of the influenza vaccination should be used for people with FOP C. Immunizations should not be given to people with FOP during an active flare-up D. No special considerations are necessary for vaccinations in people with FOP E. Unsure

A. The costs of prescription drugs continue to rise and to require greater proportions of healthcare spending B. Drug spending will increase to $190 to $225 billion in 2023 C. Prescription drug costs increased by 5.7% from 2018 to 2019 D. Prescription drug costs for specialty drugs may be of even more of a concern E. Unsure

A. Drug development costs B. Phase 1 data in healthy volunteers C. Clinical trial data in relevant patient populations D. Availability of copayment assistance E. Unsure

A. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 B. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 C. Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 D. Orphan Drug Act of 1983 E. Unsure