A. 61 B. 71 C. 81 D. 91

A. It is characterized by lower lobe fibrocavitary disease. B. It is more commonly seen in older men with a history of smoking. C. It is more commonly seen in older men with underlying COPD. D. It is more rapidly progressive than the nodular/bronchiectatic type.

A. It typically occurs without other significant lung disease. B. It is slowly progressive. C. Women with this type often are short with a low body mass index. D. It is more common in women.

A. Practitioners should follow a watchful, waiting approach that monitors for evidence of progression before initiating treatment. B. Patients with MAC-LD should be given susceptibility-based macrolide treatment. C. Macrolide susceptibility has been a weak predictor of treatment success. D. Macrolide resistance is associated with a minimally reduced rate of sputum culture conversion.

A. Adding aminoglycoside treatment to the treatment regimen decreases rates of culture conversion in patients with macrolide-resistant disease. B. A significantly lower sputum culture conversion rate has been reported for patients who received parenteral streptomycin compared with those who received oral therapy only. C. Parenteral aminoglycoside therapy is suggested to be included in the initial treatment regimen for patients with cavitary or advanced/severe bronchiectatic or macrolide-resistant MAC-LD. D. Monotherapy is recommended for patients with macrolide-susceptible MAC-LD.

A. Testing for culture conversion should initially be done every 1 to 2 months. B. A culture negative conversion is defined as 2 consecutive negative sputum cultures. C. Subsequent testing every 2 to 3 months can be done while therapy continues to the target of 12 months after sputum culture conversion. D. If the patient is failing therapy, follow-up should include repeat drug susceptibility testing to check for possible acquisition of macrolide resistance.

A. Significantly more patients who received amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) formulation plus guideline-based therapy (GBT) achieved culture conversion by month 6 compared with those receiving GBT only. B. Patients receiving ALIS were almost 4 times more likely to convert to negative cultures. C. For patients with therapy failure after ≥6 months following treatment guidelines, the 2020 guidelines now recommend the addition of ALIS to a guideline-based treatment regimen for patients with refractory disease. D. Amikacin in either the parenteral or the amikacin liposome inhalation suspension formulation is recommended as first monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed MAC-LD.

A. The risks and benefits of therapy or no therapy. B. The potential adverse events of therapeutic agents. C. The dedication of the treating clinician to shepherd them through the ups and downs of therapy. D. The educational background and certifications of the treating practitioner.

A. Nausea B. Constipation C. Flatulence D. Dyspepsia

A. Lobectomy of the left upper lung. B. Continue with triple therapy. C. Enroll patient in a clinical trial with an investigational agent. D. Initiate parenteral amikacin, and transition to an inhaled formulation after a few months if she remains culture positive.