A. Myocarditis B. Trauma C. Migraines D. Arthritis E. Unsure

A. Limit involvement of families when tailoring interventions for the child. B. Manage pain reactively after it occurs in the setting of procedures known to cause pain. C. Use a multimodal approach to pain management. D. Use physiologic measures only when assessing pain. E. Unsure

A. Parent psychosocial factors have been correlated with the development of chronic post-surgical pain in children. B. Common primary pain disorders of childhood are not influenced by genetics. C. Children with parents who have migraines or recurrent abdominal pain are less likely to experience these symptoms. D. Frequent parental attention to child pain symptoms is associated with decreased levels of disability in children with chronic pain. E. Unsure

A. Physiologic changes associated with aging do not have an impact on the safety of opioids in older adults. B. Older adults are at minimal risk for inappropriate opioid use or opioid use disorder and when present, signs/symptoms are easy to identify. C. All analgesics are categorized as potentially inappropriate for use in older adults; therefore, opioids should always be avoided. D. Although older adults are at higher risk for adverse drug reactions, opioid analgesics can be safe and effective with careful consideration of patient risk factors. E. Unsure

A. A 66-year-old patient with chronic right knee pain not well managed with physical therapy; has an active lifestyle and has been able to continue to work part-time. B. A 72-year-old patient with acute low back pain not well managed with acetaminophen; has not been as active over the past few days and has not tried other interventions. C. A 69-year-old patient with fibromyalgia not well managed with as-needed ibuprofen; has started water-based physical therapy with some relief of pain. D. A 78-year-old patient with acute pain due to shingles not well managed with lidocaine and gabapentin; unable to sleep due to pain and has severe pain to light touch in the affected area. E. Unsure

A. Provide tools and education that support and enhance medication adherence. B. Use screening tools to assess for opioid misuse risk only after treatment has started. C. Encourage around-the-clock use of an opioid even if the pain is intermittent. D. Provide naloxone for home use only if the patient is prescribed a high-dose opioid. E. Unsure

A. Use of written prescriptions rather than e-prescribing B. Safe storage of opioids and proper disposal of unused medication C. Voluntary use of prescription drug monitoring programs for high-risk patients only D. Authorization of all early refill requests to prevent patients from going through withdrawal E. Unsure