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1. Which of the following accurately describes sex-specific variations that occur in cytochrome P450 enzymes that can cause differences in drug metabolism and exposure?

A. Increased cytochrome P450 isozyme expression/activity in men B. Increased cytochrome P450 isozyme expression/activity in women C. Variable cytochrome P450 isozyme expression/activity in both men and women D. No difference in cytochrome P450 isozyme expression/activity between men and women E. Unsure

2. Fibromyalgia, low back pain, and osteoarthritis are chronic pain conditions that:

A. Occur infrequently in both men and women B. Affect similar proportions of men and women C. Disproportionately affect men compared to women D. Disproportionately affect women compared to men E. Unsure

3. How does testosterone affect pain and modify pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6?

A. Testosterone increases pain by increasing levels of inflammatory cytokines B. Testosterone reduces pain by decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines C. Testosterone increases pain by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines D. Testosterone does not affect pain or levels of inflammatory cytokines E. Unsure

4. Of the following, which correctly describes a gender norm influenced by society for how women with chronic pain should behave?

A. Women are less sensitive to pain B. Women are less likely to report pain C. Women are less emotional when describing pain D. Women have a low tolerance for pain E. Unsure

5. Which of the following correctly describes a physiologic change that occurs during pregnancy and its expected effect on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics?

A. Decreased blood flow to the intestines – Decreased absorption of drugs B. Larger intravascular volume – increased volume of distribution for hydrophilic drugs C. Decreased activity of UGT1A4 – decreased drug metabolism D. Decreased glomerular filtration rate – decreased elimination of renally eliminated drugs E. Unsure

6. Which of the following treatment options should be avoided in pregnant patients with opioid use disorder due to its high relapse risk?

A. Methadone B. Buprenorphine C. Naltrexone D. Medically supervised withdrawal E. Unsure

7. A 26-year old pregnant patient with pain and a history of alcohol abuse has failed therapy with acetaminophen and an antiepileptic/antidepressant agent, and the patient's physician would like to trial an opioid short-term. What would be the most appropriate opioid to initiate?

A. Morphine B. Codeine C. Tramadol D. Oxycodone E. Unsure

8. Which of the following is an effective strategy that pharmacists can use to promote inclusion of all patients?

A. Manage all patients with chronic pain using a similar care plan B. Identify and avoid your own implicit bias C. Obtain information on gender identity D. Both answer B and C are correct E. All of the above F. Unsure

9. Based on the meta-analysis by Ailani assessing gender-based differences in migraine management with triptans, which of the following describes differences in outcomes based on patient sex or gender?

A. Increased rate of migraine recurrence in women B. Decreased rate of adverse events in women C. Increased likelihood of response to triptan therapy in men D. Increased drug exposure in men E. Unsure

10. Which of the following is a strategy to facilitate communication with a patient who has chronic pain?

A. Ask questions with yes or no answers. B. Avoid discussing sensitive topics like addiction C. Set expectations for reasonable goals in improvements of pain D. Do not discuss complex information such as physiology of pain E. Unsure

Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Which of the following accurately describes sex-specific variations that occur in cytochrome P450 enzymes that can cause differences in drug metabolism and exposure?

2. Fibromyalgia, low back pain, and osteoarthritis are chronic pain conditions that:

3. How does testosterone affect pain and modify pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6?

4. Of the following, which correctly describes a gender norm influenced by society for how women with chronic pain should behave?

5. Which of the following correctly describes a physiologic change that occurs during pregnancy and its expected effect on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics?

6. Which of the following treatment options should be avoided in pregnant patients with opioid use disorder due to its high relapse risk?

7. A 26-year old pregnant patient with pain and a history of alcohol abuse has failed therapy with acetaminophen and an antiepileptic/antidepressant agent, and the patient's physician would like to trial an opioid short-term. What would be the most appropriate opioid to initiate?

8. Which of the following is an effective strategy that pharmacists can use to promote inclusion of all patients?

9. Based on the meta-analysis by Ailani assessing gender-based differences in migraine management with triptans, which of the following describes differences in outcomes based on patient sex or gender?

10. Which of the following is a strategy to facilitate communication with a patient who has chronic pain?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Which of the following accurately describes sex-specific variations that occur in cytochrome P450 enzymes that can cause differences in drug metabolism and exposure?

2. Fibromyalgia, low back pain, and osteoarthritis are chronic pain conditions that:

3. How does testosterone affect pain and modify pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6?

4. Of the following, which correctly describes a gender norm influenced by society for how women with chronic pain should behave?

5. Which of the following correctly describes a physiologic change that occurs during pregnancy and its expected effect on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics?

6. Which of the following treatment options should be avoided in pregnant patients with opioid use disorder due to its high relapse risk?

7. A 26-year old pregnant patient with pain and a history of alcohol abuse has failed therapy with acetaminophen and an antiepileptic/antidepressant agent, and the patient's physician would like to trial an opioid short-term. What would be the most appropriate opioid to initiate?

8. Which of the following is an effective strategy that pharmacists can use to promote inclusion of all patients?

9. Based on the meta-analysis by Ailani assessing gender-based differences in migraine management with triptans, which of the following describes differences in outcomes based on patient sex or gender?

10. Which of the following is a strategy to facilitate communication with a patient who has chronic pain?

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