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1. Which of the following set of symptoms provides the best information in community and ambulatory pharmacy settings for assessing a patient's hydration status?

A. Rapid breathing, dizziness or sleepiness, and weight loss B. Sensation of thirst, urine output, and weight loss C. Changes in skin color, urine output, and weight loss D. All of the above

2. Which of the following pairs correctly matches a component of balanced oral replacement therapy with its rationale for use?

A. Glucose/dextrose: drives active transport of electrolytes in the intestines B. Sucrose: produces energy C. Sodium: decreases sodium reabsorption in the intestines D. Chloride: produces acid (H+)

3. You are a pharmacist at a community pharmacy. A mother presents with her 15-month-old daughter who has had 12 loose bowel movements over the past 2 days. Upon questioning, the mother says that the girl's weight has dropped from approximately 22 pounds (10 kg) to 21 pounds (9.5 kg). The child is on a diet of solid foods and whole milk, is having 2 or 3 wet diapers each day, and has not traveled outside the immediate area in recent weeks. What advice would be best for you provide?

A. Take the girl to her pediatrician within 24 hours B. Use a balanced oral replacement therapy product until the girl regains the lost weight while continuing her normal diet as tolerated and monitoring for any further weight loss C. Take the girl to an emergency department immediately D. Continue the girl's normal diet as tolerated and seek medical care if the girl's weight declines to 20 pounds (9 kg)

4. Changes in the World Health Organization's formula for oral rehydration salts in 2003 and 2006 made the resulting solution:

A. Hypertonic B. Higher in potassium C. Hypotonic D. Lower in potassium

5. When assessing hydration status in patients with vomiting, the presence of which of the following conditions would prompt the pharmacist to make a referral for medical care?

A. Pregnancy B. Diabetes C. Hypertension D. All of the above

6. Oral rehydration salts were originally developed for treating which of the following conditions?

A. Vomiting from rotavirus infections B. Diarrhea from rotavirus infections C. Vomiting from cholera D. Diarrhea from cholera

7. Sports drinks should be avoided in young children and adolescents engaged in recreational sports of limited duration and intensity because:

A. Their use is associated with osmotic diarrhea B. They lack sufficient glucose to promote sodium absorption C. They contain excess calories and thus contribute to overweight/obesity D. Their use is associated with hyperkalemia

8. Which of the following is the best advice for patients who want to use herbal teas for treating moderate dehydration?

A. Teas are good choices for this situation B. A glucose product should be used to sweeten teas when they are used for treating dehydration C. Teas are adequate therapies only if consumed in large volumes D. Culturally appropriate teas in small amounts are acceptable as long as used with balanced oral replacement therapy products

9. Severe emesis (vomiting) may require medical attention because of potential:

A. Alkalosis B. Acidosis C. Both of the above D. None of the above

10. You are a technician at a community pharmacy. A 70-year-old man presents to the pharmacy and requests recommendations for preventing dehydration during an upcoming international flight from the United States to Singapore (23 hours flying time plus connection time). The patient is taking medications for hypertension, including a potassium-sparing diuretic and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. What can you tell the patient before you refer him to the pharmacist?

A. Show him the selection of sports drinks and colas and tell him that any fluid can prevent dehydration and his selection should be made on the basis of personal preference B. Advise him that dehydration cannot be prevented and assure him that he only needs to be concerned about dehydration if he has signs and symptoms of a gastrointestinal infection when he is traveling C. Tell him that drinking bottled water on the plane should be sufficient for preventing dehydration D. Show him the oral replacement products that can be taken through airport security and reconstituted using bottle water on the plane