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1. Approximately what percentage of patients with diabetes in the United States are meeting the American Diabetes Association goal hemoglobin A1c level of less than 7%?

A. 25% B. 40% C. 55% D. 70%

2. How much pancreatic β-cell function is already lost at the time of diagnosis for most people with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A. Less than 10% B. 10% to 30% C. 30% to 50% D. 50% to 80%

3. Which of the following is not a dysfunctional defect that leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A. Increased glucose reabsorption in the kidneys B. Increased glucose uptake to the peripheral tissue C. Increased hepatic glucose production D. Increased pancreatic α-cell glucagon secretion

4. What percentage does the postprandial glucose level contribute to a hemoglobin A1c level less than 7.3%?

A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 90%

5. According to the American Diabetes Association, which of the following is not listed as a second-line (dual therapy) treatment option?

A. Acarbose B. Canagliflozin C. Lixisenatide D. Sitagliptin

6. Insulin “fixes” dysfunctional defects in which of the following cells/tissues?

A. Fat, liver, muscle, and pancreatic α-cells and β-cells B. Fat, kidney, liver, muscle, and pancreatic β-cells C. Brain, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, and pancreatic α-cells and β-cells D. GI tract, liver, muscle, and pancreatic α-cells and β-cells

7. Which of the following is NOT a long acting basal insulin?

A. Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) U-100 B. Glargine U-100 C. Detemir U-100 D. Degludec U-200

8. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is a short-acting agent?

A. Lixisenatide B. Liraglutide C. Dulaglutide D. Albiglutide

9. Patients injecting premixed insulin (containing an intermediate-acting insulin and a short-acting insulin) twice daily (before breakfast and before supper) are at greatest risk for hypoglycemia at what time of day?

A. Upon waking up in the morning B. One hour after eating breakfast C. Two hours after eating lunch D. Nocturnally, around 2 or 3 am

10. Which of the following oral diabetes therapies has a high risk of hypoglycemia and promotes weight gain?

A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors B. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors C. Sulfonylureas D. Thiazolidinediones

Maintenance is scheduled for 05/16/2024 1:00 PM EST - 05/16/2024 2:00 PM EST.

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1. Approximately what percentage of patients with diabetes in the United States are meeting the American Diabetes Association goal hemoglobin A1c level of less than 7%?

2. How much pancreatic β-cell function is already lost at the time of diagnosis for most people with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

3. Which of the following is not a dysfunctional defect that leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

4. What percentage does the postprandial glucose level contribute to a hemoglobin A1c level less than 7.3%?

5. According to the American Diabetes Association, which of the following is not listed as a second-line (dual therapy) treatment option?

6. Insulin “fixes” dysfunctional defects in which of the following cells/tissues?

7. Which of the following is NOT a long acting basal insulin?

8. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is a short-acting agent?

9. Patients injecting premixed insulin (containing an intermediate-acting insulin and a short-acting insulin) twice daily (before breakfast and before supper) are at greatest risk for hypoglycemia at what time of day?

10. Which of the following oral diabetes therapies has a high risk of hypoglycemia and promotes weight gain?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 05/16/2024 1:00 PM EST - 05/16/2024 2:00 PM EST.

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1. Approximately what percentage of patients with diabetes in the United States are meeting the American Diabetes Association goal hemoglobin A1c level of less than 7%?

2. How much pancreatic β-cell function is already lost at the time of diagnosis for most people with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

3. Which of the following is not a dysfunctional defect that leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

4. What percentage does the postprandial glucose level contribute to a hemoglobin A1c level less than 7.3%?

5. According to the American Diabetes Association, which of the following is not listed as a second-line (dual therapy) treatment option?

6. Insulin “fixes” dysfunctional defects in which of the following cells/tissues?

7. Which of the following is NOT a long acting basal insulin?

8. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is a short-acting agent?

9. Patients injecting premixed insulin (containing an intermediate-acting insulin and a short-acting insulin) twice daily (before breakfast and before supper) are at greatest risk for hypoglycemia at what time of day?

10. Which of the following oral diabetes therapies has a high risk of hypoglycemia and promotes weight gain?

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