A. Bevacizumab prior to ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) B. Bevacizumab prior to dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant for nAMD C. Ranibizumab prior to aflibercept for nAMD D. Aflibercept prior to brolucizumab for nAMD

A. Enhance the patient-physician relationship by removing pharmaceutical decision making from the prescriber's control. B. Provide optimal patient results, because step therapy has been rigorously tested with good results in randomized controlled trial in common retinal diseases such as nAMD. C. Reduce third-payor party costs, because step therapy often requires generic or off-label drug selection, usually of lower cost than other FDA-approved alternatives. D. Improve patient satisfaction, because there is a less-involved informed-consent process since there is not a variety of options available to newly diagnosed patients with step-therapy mandated insurance coverage.

A. Choosing the right agent for the right patient with the right interval B. Patient financial access C. Payor barriers D. Determination of anti-VEGF agent dosage amount per injection

A. Follow-up PRN, because this type of patient has not been studied in a randomized controlled trial. B. Initiate treatment with anti-VEGF, because the natural history of nAMD is progressive vision loss. C. Follow-up in 2 to 4 weeks, since it is unknown how this type of lesion will progress in this individual patient. D. Treatment with micropulse laser therapy, because that has been shown to benefit this type of patient in a well-designed, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

A. It is vital to treat on the day of diagnosis to achieve the best visual and anatomical outcome. B. Delay of injection by as little as 1 week increases the risk of subretinal hemorrhage. C. There is no significant difference in vision gained whether treatment is initiated immediately on nAMD diagnosis, or delayed for 1 week. D. Patient satisfaction is substantially different when treatment is initiated on the day of diagnosis.

A. The inadvertent creation of physician patient barriers B. The effect on patient outcomes C. Possible patient nonadherence D. All of the above

A. Treat the patient with an FDA-approved sample medication to ensure smooth coverage and prevent further financial indebtedness. B. Ask the patient to switch to a lower cost, non-FDA approved medication C. Try to enroll patients in copay assistance programs D. All of the above

A. Continued treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab every 4 weeks B. Using the suite of access services from the FDA-approved medications to try to obtain no-cost branded treatment for this uninsured patient in an effort for extension. C. Use sample branded medication treatment for this uninsured patient in an effort for extension D. Perform submacular surgery in an effort to eliminate injection treatment

A. Patient receives stock medication after signing documentation that they will assume charges if denied. B. Enroll patient in manufacturer assistance program C. Discuss copay assistance or foundational support D. Provide a sample of on label medication

A. The criteria to avoid a penalty remains the same B. There have been additional changes to the measures for promoting interoperability C. Ophthalmologists and optometrists are now excluded from the total per capita cost measure D. For improvement activities only one physician needs to perform an activity for the whole group to get credit.

A. Decreased recently due to generic drug use B. Remained stagnant for years with no increase in expenditure C. Continued to increase every year

A. RADIANCE and EVEREST B. DRCR.net Protocol T and CATT C. ATOM and MIVI-TRUST