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1. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) defines a medication error as

A. An unexpected or dangerous reaction to a drug B. Any preventable event that may cause, or lead to, inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional C. Any preventable event that had the potential to, or did, cause serious harm or death to the patient D. Any error occurring in the medication use process

2. The medication use process comprises which of the following subprocesses:

A. Dispensing B. Administration C. Effects monitoring D. All of the above

3. Which of the following is an example of a specific strategy that can be implemented to provide the key system element of patient information:

A. Having allergies and diagnoses on prescription orders B. Having formularies and protocols readily accessible C. Use of electronic prescribing systems D. Staffing practitioners that match the expected workload

4. Which of the following is an example of a specific strategy that can be implemented to provide the key system element of drug information:

A. Having electronic access to lab values B. Having formularies and protocols readily accessible C. Use of electronic prescribing systems D. Staffing practitioners that match the expected workload

5. Which of the following statements regarding medication error reporting is correct:

A. Only actual medication errors should be reported, not near misses B. Health care providers are required to report medication errors to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MedWatch or Institute for Safe Medication Practices Medication Error Reporting Program (ISMP MERP) C. The primary purpose of reporting medication errors is to obtain data about the quantity of errors occurring D. Reporting helps identify system deficiencies that can be shared with all health care providers

6. Which of the following is an example of a specific strategy that can be implemented to encourage the key system element of communication of drug information:

A. Having electronic access to lab values B. Having formularies and protocols readily accessible C. Use of electronic prescribing systems D. Staffing practitioners that match the expected workload

7. How many interrelated key elements comprise the medication use process?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

8. According to one published study that suggested error rates were similar between electronic and handwritten prescriptions, what percentage of electronic prescriptions in the outpatient setting contained errors?

A. 0% B. 8% C. 12% D. 15%

9. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To Err is Human, how many deaths occur annually as a result of medication errors?

A. Between 44,000 and 98,000 B. 25,000 C. 7000 D. Between 2000 and 4000

10. Which of the following is an example of a specific strategy that can be implemented to affect the key system element of environmental factors:

A. Having electronic access to lab values B. Having formularies and protocols readily accessible C. Use of electronic prescribing systems D. Staffing practitioners that match the expected workload

11. Which of the following is an example of a strategy to minimize the errors associated with electronic prescriptions:

A. Forcing data entry functions in electronic systems to help prevent omitted information B. Utilizing drug decision support C. Strong clinician training D. All of the above

12. One of the most common types of legal action against pharmacists is

A. Malpractice actions B. Administrative actions C. Criminal actions D. Disciplinary actions

13. The most common type of medication error that leads to civil liability for pharmacists is

A. Misfilling a prescription with the wrong drug B. Failure to counsel patients about their medication C. Providing patients incorrect label instructions D. Failure to contact a prescriber about inappropriate drug therapy

14. A pharmacist made a dispensing error and received a public reprimand from the state Board of Pharmacy. What type of legal action is this considered?

A. Administrative action B. Criminal action C. Civil malpractice action D. Negligence action

15. Which of the following was the discipline approved by the Nevada State Board of Pharmacy for the pharmacy technician that compounded the Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) product containing an overdose of zinc:

A. $5000 fine B. $10,000 fine C. Suspension of pharmacy technician license D. The Board did not discipline the pharmacy technician

16. Existing legal cases have clearly established that pharmacists have a legal duty to

A. Identify and rectify prescribing errors B. Accurately fill prescriptions C. Warn patients of potential side effects D. All of the above

17. Disciplinary sanctions that have resulted from medication errors include which of the following:

A. License probation B. License suspension C. License revocation D. All of the above

18. In the published legal case People vs Stuart, what crime was the pharmacist charged and convicted of before it was overturned?

A. Illegal Compounding B. Patient Abuse C. Manslaughter D. Homicide

19. In the published legal case Kolozsvari vs Doe, which of the following occurred:

A. A misbranded drug was dispensed to the patient B. The pharmacists failed to warn the patient or prescriber of a drug interaction C. The patient did not experience any harm D. All of the above

20. Which of the following is an example of a specific strategy for pharmacies regarding quality process and risk management:

A. Disclose all errors that reach a patient B. Reward reporting of errors C. Discuss errors at staff meetings D. All of the above