A. Frequency must be at least 3 nights per week B. Must have complaints of both falling asleep and staying asleep difficulty C. Duration must be at least 3 months D. Must cause significant distress or daytime impairment

A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists B. Histamine - 1 receptor antagonists C. Melatonin receptor agonists D. Orexin receptor antagonists E. All of the above

A. Are more effective as hypnotics for primary insomnia B. Are less likely to cause sleep-related behaviors like sleepwalking and driving C. Lack muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effects D. Cause more memory impairment and orthostatic hypotension

A. It can be given during the night if at least 4 hours remain until awakening B. It is much less likely to cause a bitter taste C. It has an indication for long-term use based on demonstrated efficacy for at least 6 months D. A preferred drug for military personnel and physicians on-call

A. Eszopiclone B. Flurazepam C. Ramelteon D. Zolpidem

A. Patients with Non-24 disorder experience excessive daytime napping and hypersomnia at night B. Tasimelteon is given as a 20 mg dose in the morning to synchronize circadian rhythm C. The onset of clinical benefit with tasimelteon often requires weeks to months D. Tasimelteon is approved for the treatment of Non-24 disorder and shift work insomnia

A. The risk of next morning impairment of activities is greater with the extended-release formulations for men and women B. Women and men are at equally risk for next morning impairment with zolpidem C. The new recommended dose is 5 mg for immediate-release tablets for women D. Patients should be warned about driving the day after using extended-release zolpidem

A. Trazodone B. Ramelteon C. Quetiapine D. Doxepin

A. Orexins are neuropeptides that increase sleepiness B. Orexin antagonists share with benzodiazepines a side effect profile of cognitive impairment, impaired motor coordination, and abuse liability C. Orexin antagonists may have the potential for narcolepsy-like effects and abnormal dreams D. Orexin antagonists suppress REM and non-REM sleep

A. Avoid large meals or excessive fluids near bedtime B. Exercising just before bedtime can help increase sleepiness C. Set a regular time to go to bed and awaken D. Avoid caffeine in the evening