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1. Approximately how many prescriptions were written for opioids in the US in 2009?

A. 10 million B. 50 million C. 100 million D. >250 million

2. Which of the following opioid-related side effects do not diminish with continued opioid exposure?

A. Constipation B. Nausea C. Sedation D. All of the above

3. Effective provider interaction (both verbal and nonverbal) will improve which of the following outcomes?

A. Patient satisfaction B. Adherence to treatment C. Quality of life D. All of the above

4. Which of the following explains why a proactive approach to managing OIC is important?

A. Constipation does not diminish with continued opioid exposure B. OIC is related to the binding of opioids to the µ receptor in the GI tract C. A large percentage of patients receiving opioids experience OIC D. Both A and C

5. A patient who has been receiving a long-acting opioid for chronic pain plus a short-acting opioid for break-through pain presents with constipation. When assessing the temporal relationship between opioids and the development of constipation, which pattern is most indicative of OIC?

A. Long-standing constipation B. Presence of secondary causes of constipation C. A clear temporal relationship between initiation of opioids and the onset of constipation D. Intermittent pattern of constipation

6. A patient with chronic pain is being initiated on a long-term opioid regimen. Which of the following OTC laxatives should be avoided?

A. Stool softeners B. Osmotic laxatives C. Nonabsorbable solutions D. Bulk laxatives

7. A patient who has been on chronic opioid therapy for 6 months complains that the OTC laxative regimen that was recommended is not working. What is (are) the primary reason(s) why OTC laxatives are generally not useful in the management of OIC?

A. They are associated with serious adverse events B. They do not address the mechanisms by which OIC occurs C. The efficacy of OTC laxatives is not established for the treatment of OIC D. B & C

8. The mechanisms of action for lubiprostone is best described by?

A. PAMORA B. CIC-2 chloride channel activator C. 5HT₄antagonist D. 5HT₄agonist

9. Select the agent (s) that is (are) NOT a PAMORA:

A. Prucalopride B. Methylnaltrexone C. Naloxegol D. Lubiprostone E. A and D

10. Which of the following agents are not approved by the FDA for the treatment of OIC?

A. Lubiprostone B. Methylnaltrexone C. Naloxegol D. Linaclotide

Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Approximately how many prescriptions were written for opioids in the US in 2009?

2. Which of the following opioid-related side effects do not diminish with continued opioid exposure?

3. Effective provider interaction (both verbal and nonverbal) will improve which of the following outcomes?

4. Which of the following explains why a proactive approach to managing OIC is important?

5. A patient who has been receiving a long-acting opioid for chronic pain plus a short-acting opioid for break-through pain presents with constipation. When assessing the temporal relationship between opioids and the development of constipation, which pattern is most indicative of OIC?

6. A patient with chronic pain is being initiated on a long-term opioid regimen. Which of the following OTC laxatives should be avoided?

7. A patient who has been on chronic opioid therapy for 6 months complains that the OTC laxative regimen that was recommended is not working. What is (are) the primary reason(s) why OTC laxatives are generally not useful in the management of OIC?

8. The mechanisms of action for lubiprostone is best described by?

9. Select the agent (s) that is (are) NOT a PAMORA:

10. Which of the following agents are not approved by the FDA for the treatment of OIC?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Approximately how many prescriptions were written for opioids in the US in 2009?

2. Which of the following opioid-related side effects do not diminish with continued opioid exposure?

3. Effective provider interaction (both verbal and nonverbal) will improve which of the following outcomes?

4. Which of the following explains why a proactive approach to managing OIC is important?

5. A patient who has been receiving a long-acting opioid for chronic pain plus a short-acting opioid for break-through pain presents with constipation. When assessing the temporal relationship between opioids and the development of constipation, which pattern is most indicative of OIC?

6. A patient with chronic pain is being initiated on a long-term opioid regimen. Which of the following OTC laxatives should be avoided?

7. A patient who has been on chronic opioid therapy for 6 months complains that the OTC laxative regimen that was recommended is not working. What is (are) the primary reason(s) why OTC laxatives are generally not useful in the management of OIC?

8. The mechanisms of action for lubiprostone is best described by?

9. Select the agent (s) that is (are) NOT a PAMORA:

10. Which of the following agents are not approved by the FDA for the treatment of OIC?

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