1. The most recent ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines recommend which scoring system(s) to determine whether a patient would benefit from anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy?
A. CHADS2
B. CHA2 DS2 VASc
C. CHADS2 and CHA2 DS2 VASc
D. HAS-BLED
2. Warfarin is an agent of which drug class?
A. Vitamin K antagonist
B. Direct thrombin inhibitor
C. Factor Xa inhibitor
D. Antiplatelet
3. The ACTIVE-W trial compared ________________.
A. Apixaban with warfarin
B. Apixaban with rivaroxaban
C. Aspirin and clopidogrel with warfarin
D. Aspirin and clopidogrel with apixaban
4. When treating patients with warfarin, it is important to know that_______________________.
A. When the INR rises to 3.6, the risk of a thrombotic event increases.
B. When the INR rises to 3.6, the risk of intracranial hemorrhage increases.
C. When the INR falls to 2.0, the risk of a thrombotic event increases.
D. When the INR falls to 2.0, the risk of an intracranial hemorrhage increases.
5. The most recent ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines recommend which anticoagulant(s) as an alternative to warfarin in some patients?
A. Rivaroxaban
B. Apixaban
C. Dabigatran
D. All
6. In the Miller 2012 meta-analysis of pooled outcomes data from the RE-LY, ROCKET AF, and ARISTOTLE trials, ___________________.
A. NOACs were found to be either noninferior or superior compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.
B. NOACs were found to be superior compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.
C. Rivaroxaban was found to be either noninferior or superior compared with dabigatran for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.
D. Dabigatran was found to be either noninferior or superior compared with apixaban for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.
7. Which anticoagulant has the lowest risk for GI bleeding specifically?
A. Apixaban
B. Rivaroxaban
C. Dabigatran
D. Warfarin
8. The AVERROES trial found ____________________.
A. A 50% relative risk reduction in stroke and systemic embolism for apixaban compared with warfarin.
B. A 50% relative risk reduction in stroke and systemic embolism for apixaban compared with aspirin.
C. A relative risk reduction in stroke and systemic embolism for apixaban compared with warfarin.
D. A 25% relative risk reduction in stroke and systemic embolism for apixaban compared with aspirin.
9. Please indicate which statement is INCORRECT with regard to NOACs:
A. NOACs are dosed 3 times daily.
B. NOACs do not require routine INR testing.
C. NOACs have predictable pharmacokinetic profiles.
D. NOACs have rapid onset of action.
10. Patients with AF who may be eligible for treatment with NOACs include:
A. Patients with a history of unstable INRs
B. Patients with severe renal impairment
C. Both
D. Neither
11. Anticoagulation antidotes are currently in development for which NOAC(s)?
A. Apixaban
B. Dabigatran
C. Rivaroxaban
D. All of the above
12. According to the Romero-Ortuno decision analysis tool for weighing the risk of bleeding versus the risk of stroke in patients with AF, ____________________ therapy is favored in patients at a high risk of both stroke and bleeding.
A. Aspirin
B. Warfarin
C. NOAC
D. Aspirin + warfarin
13. Approximately _____ of patients who are eligible for warfarin therapy receive treatment.
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 40%
D. 50%
14. Rivaroxaban and apixaban are both _______________.
A. Direct thrombin inhibitors
B. Antiplatelets
C. Factor Xa inhibitors
D. Vitamin K antagonists
15. Which medication is 80% renally excreted?
A. Dabigatran
B. Rivaroxaban
C. Apixaban
D. Warfarin
16. Please select the TRUE statement below:
A. Of the NOACs, only dabigatran and rivaroxaban have been compared in head-to-head studies.
B. Of the NOACs, only dabigatran and apixaban have been compared in head-to-head studies.
C. All 3 NOACs were compared in a head-to-head study.
D. None of the NOACs have been compared in a head-to-head study.
17. Which treatment option is NOT effective in emergency anticoagulant reversal when using rivaroxaban?
A. aPCC
B. Dialysis
C. PCC
D. Packed red blood cells
18. In the ACC/AHA/ARS guidelines, for the reduction of stroke risk in patients with AF, warfarin was given a 1A recommendation; NOACs were given a 1B recommendation because ____________________.
A. NOACs have been shown to be less effective than warfarin at preventing stroke in patients with AF.
B. NOACs have less clinical data available.
C. NOACs are not indicated for the prevention of stroke in patients with AF.
D. NOACs are indicated for use for only a short period of time.
19. NOACs are contraindicated in patients with ______________________.
A. Prosthetic heart valves
B. End-stage renal disease
C. Both
D. Neither
20. Patients with AF who are on dialysis may be a candidate for ______________ treatment.
A. Rivaroxaban
B. Apixaban
C. Dabigatran
D. All of the above
