A. PEP is pre-exposure prophylaxis B. PEP is post-exposure prohpylaxis C. PEP should be started within 72 hours of exposure to be effective D. B and C

A. Mother to child transmission (MTCT) B. Needlestick injuries C. Sexual transmission D. Sharing drug injection equipment with someone with HIV

A. PrEP is recommended for HIV-negative sexual partners of HIV-positive individuals B. PrEP is pre-exposure prophylaxis C. Truvada (TDF + FTC) is approved for use as PrEP D. All of the above

A. Testing of all pregnant women for HIV infection B. Use antiretrovirals (ARVs) to treat pregnant women who are HIV-infected C. Use of postnatal zidovudine for infants born to pregnant women who are HIV-infected D. All of the above

A. Children usually have a milder disease course than adults B. Risk of opportunistic infections increases with decreasing CD4 T-lymphocyte counts C. The risk of transmission of HIV infection is highest during acute infection D. All infants diagnosed with HIV infection should be started on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)

A. Defer treatment until the CD 4 count is less than 500 cells/µL B. Lopinavir-ritonavir should not be administered to infants younger than 42 weeks postmenstrual age C. ARV regimen should contain at least 3 medications, from 2 different classes D. Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) should be administered to all infants during the first year of life

A. Resistance to HIV medications most often is a result of nonadherence B. Protease inhibitors (PIs) have a low barrier to resistance and failure develops rapidly with nonadherence C. HIV drug resistance tests should be performed prior to initiating therapy and in patients with virologic failure D. Young adults with perinatal HIV infection frequently have extensive drug resistance and multiple drug resistance mutations

A. The potential for drug-drug interactions with ARVs is significant because many of these agents are potent inducers or inhibitors of metabolism of other medications B. The non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are generally considered enzyme inhibitors and increase the plasma concentrations of other medications C. Cobicistat and ritonavir are potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 enzymes D. Over-the-counter medications, such as fluticasone, can interact with PIs and patients receiving PIs should be cautioned about using inhaled corticosteroids

A. Automatic refills B. Blister packs for medications C. Pill reminder phone apps D. All of the above

A. Poor palpability of liquid formulations B. Issues with HIV diagnosis disclosure and secrecy C. Pill burden, difficulties with pill swallowing, and pill “fatigue” D. All of the above