A. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies act by activating (vaccinating) the immune system to recognize cancer cells. B. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies block T cell receptors that normally keep T cells from being fully activated, thereby releasing immune system checkpoints. C. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies enhance antigen presentation to T cells, stimulating the T cell response. D. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies bind CD28 and the T cell receptor simultaneously, serving as a checkpoint to disable cancer escape routes.

A. PD-L1 testing is required for nivolumab use. B. Studies have shown that pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab have comparable efficacy in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. C. Response appears to be durable for ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, only in patients without signs of liver toxicity. D. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab showed the best overall response, complete-response, and progression-free survival in patients compared to either agent alone.

A. 25% B. 50% C. 70% D. 80%

A. Hold or discontinue therapy temporarily and administer steroids. B. Permanently discontinue treatment and initiate steroid treatment. C. If CP has adverse events (AEs) of less than Grade 3, treat her symptoms directly. If CP's AEs are Grade 3 or higher, hold treatment until her AEs resolve; if there is no resolution, administer steroids. D. Administer steroids; if there is no resolution of CP's AEs, permanently discontinue treatment.