A. Treatment can reverse disease progression at this stage. B. Relapses are more common at this stage and relapses cause disability. C. Early treatment is associated with less risk of progression to clinically isolated syndrome. D. Treatment of less severe disability is more frequently covered by insurance.

A. more severe cognitive dysfunction B. breakthrough disease activity C. loss of insurance coverage D. rebound disease

A. Psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety. B. Epilepsy and restless leg syndrome C. Urinary system cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome D. Cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia

A. Alemtuzumab B. Fingolimod C. Natalizumab D. Teriflunomide

A. Phase 3 trial data of the self-injectable DMTs show a reduction of annual relapse rates of about 60% for all agents. B. Natalizumab, fingolimod, and alemtuzumab are the only DMTs with a REMS. C. Phase 3 trial data of the non-self injected DMTs show a reduction of annual relapse rates ranging from about 20% to 90%. D. All non-self injected DMTs are teratogenic in animals so proof of birth control is require

A. Recent per member per month cost increases are primarily due to increased spending for specialty drugs. B. Specialty drugs were about one-third of prescriptions but represented about 1-2% of total drug spending in recent years. C. Direct medical costs are the only costs to consider when calculating total MS care costs. D. The dramatic increase in specialty pharmacy costs is predominantly due to personalized medicine.

A. Better coordination of high-touch services (counseling, support, adherence/depression screening) B. Protective cold chain shipping C. Decrease in relapses D. Greater use of oral disease-modifying drugs

A. DMTs only work if patients take them B. DMTs have been shown in clinical studies to reduce relapses and slow disability C. DMTs will eliminate MS symptoms if they are taken correctly and consistently D. Adherence issues are common with DMTs but adherence to DMTs is directly correlated with quality of life, being employed, and reduced healthcare-related expenses.