A. Adherence is essential to achieve a high percentage of risk reduction. B. PrEP is recommended only for patients at an ongoing substantial risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (not a single high-risk event); but treatment fails if patients stop taking it while they are still at risk. C. Tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for treating patients with PrEP. D. PrEP should be only initiated with documentation of a negative human immunodeficiency virus test.

A. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supports starting PEP up to 1 week postexposure, but an absolute elapsed time after which PEP should not be administered cannot be stated with certainty. B. A 28-day course of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine once daily plus raltegravir 400 mg twice daily is one of the recommended PEP regimens. C. The pharmacist's role in PEP consultation should include the recognition of symptoms of patients with acute HIV infection and ascertainment of ongoing HIV risk. D. It is important to make sure that HIV infection has not occurred during the PEP course.

A. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention /United States Public Health Service guidelines do not recommend fingerstick tests to screen patients for HIV infection when considering PrEP use, because the tests can be less sensitive than oral tests. B. A preliminary positive HIV antibody test must be confirmed by a second test 1 week later to start a patient on PrEP. C. Only Western blot tests can be used for HIV testing when considering PrEP for a patient. D. Once PrEP is initiated, patients on PrEP should be tested for HIV every 3 months, as a requirement for prescription refills.

A. He is not a good candidate for PrEP, because he is not in a position to pay for the medication or maintain the level of adherence necessary for a PrEP regimen. B. He is a good candidate for PrEP because he is at a high risk for acquiring HIV infection. He should be started on PrEP as soon as possible. C. He is at a high risk for acquiring HIV infection and has a history of sexually transmitted infection, but until a negative HIV status is documented, PrEP should not be started. D. He would be a good candidate for PrEP if he promises to use condoms with each sexual encounter.

A. Providing cash to offset the copays B. Helping patients establish dosing routines (eg, tied to a daily event), reminder systems, and tools C. Referring patients to “clean house” programs for detox/rehabilitation D. Connecting patients with trustworthy online resources