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1. Which of the following correctly characterizes a physiologic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1?

A. Stimulation of glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells B. Increased rate of gastric emptying C. Increased satiety D. Blocked reabsorption of filtered glucose in the kidney

2. Which of the following is true of the clinical pharmacology of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors?

A. Improved glycemic control due to increased glucose disposal via the urine B. Increased risk of genital mycotic infections C. Potential for weight loss D. All of the above

3. When comparing the clinical pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which of the following is true?

A. DPP-4 inhibitors are injectable agents, but GLP-1 receptor agonists can be given orally B. DPP-4 inhibitors are considered weight neutral, but GLP-1 receptor agonists therapy can result in weight loss C. DPP-4 inhibitors slow gastric emptying to a larger extent than GLP-1 receptor agonists D. Both therapies carry a high risk of hypoglycemia

4. When used as add-on therapy to metformin in a patient who has not achieved his or her glycemic goals, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors would be expected to:

A. Convey a low risk of hypoglycemia B. Induce weight gain C. Have no additional benefit on hemoglobin A1c reduction D. Result in renal toxicity

5. According to the 2017 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Algorithm for Adding/Intensifying Insulin, which of the following non-insulin medication classes is recommended for consideration in patients with type 2 diabetes who require intensification of prandial control following basal insulin titration and optimization?

A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists B. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors C. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors D. All of the above

6. Medications from which of the following medication classes have been shown in clinical trials to convey cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preexisting cardiovascular disease?

A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists B. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors C. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors D. A and B

7. All of the following adverse reactions could be expected with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use EXCEPT:

A. Urinary tract infections B. Hypertension C. Genital mycotic infections D. Orthostasis

8. According to the 2017 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, which of the following is a potential add-on for a patient receiving metformin monotherapy who is not at treatment goal and requires dual therapy (assuming there are no contraindications to therapy)?

A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist B. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor C. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor D. All of the above

9. Which of the following sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors is recommended for use in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2?

A. Canagliflozin (Invokana) B. Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) C. Empagliflozin (Jardiance) D. None of the above

10. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is administered once daily?

A. Albiglutide (Tanzeum) B. Exenatide extended-release (Bydureon) C. Dulaglutide (Trulicity) D. Liraglutide (Victoza)

Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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1. Which of the following correctly characterizes a physiologic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1?

2. Which of the following is true of the clinical pharmacology of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors?

3. When comparing the clinical pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which of the following is true?

4. When used as add-on therapy to metformin in a patient who has not achieved his or her glycemic goals, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors would be expected to:

6. Medications from which of the following medication classes have been shown in clinical trials to convey cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preexisting cardiovascular disease?

7. All of the following adverse reactions could be expected with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use EXCEPT:

8. According to the 2017 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, which of the following is a potential add-on for a patient receiving metformin monotherapy who is not at treatment goal and requires dual therapy (assuming there are no contraindications to therapy)?

9. Which of the following sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors is recommended for use in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2?

10. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is administered once daily?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 8/7/2023 7:00 AM EST - 8:00 AM EST.

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{{recommendationsB.Title}}

1. Which of the following correctly characterizes a physiologic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1?

2. Which of the following is true of the clinical pharmacology of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors?

3. When comparing the clinical pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which of the following is true?

4. When used as add-on therapy to metformin in a patient who has not achieved his or her glycemic goals, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors would be expected to:

6. Medications from which of the following medication classes have been shown in clinical trials to convey cardiovascular benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preexisting cardiovascular disease?

7. All of the following adverse reactions could be expected with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use EXCEPT:

8. According to the 2017 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, which of the following is a potential add-on for a patient receiving metformin monotherapy who is not at treatment goal and requires dual therapy (assuming there are no contraindications to therapy)?

9. Which of the following sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors is recommended for use in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2?

10. Which of the following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is administered once daily?

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